Waar goud wordt gevonden en hoe het wordt gewonnen
Goud wordt in zijn oorspronkelijke staat aangetroffen in kwartsgesteenten, in de vorm van filamenten, stippen en folies, vaak gemengd met zilvermineralen.
Of het kan ook worden gevonden in rivierbeddingen, vermengd met zand, in de vorm van granen en klompjes.
Goudmijnen
Goudextractie kan worden beoefend met drie verschillende processen: gladmaken , samensmelten en cyanidatie . Het is echter niet altijd nodig om alle drie de processen te gebruiken.
Het gladmaken gebeurt met behulp van lange containers, die de scheiding van het goud mogelijk maken door een langzame stroom water te laten stromen. In feite wordt het afvalmateriaal, dat lichter is dan goud, met het water meegesleurd, terwijl de kleine stukjes goud naar de bodem van de container zinken.
Bij samensmelting worden grondstoffen vermalen tot een poeder, dat vervolgens wordt samengevoegd met kwik. Vervolgens wordt het edelmetaal teruggewonnen door het amalgaam te destilleren.
Cyanidatie is het belangrijkste extractieproces. Goudertsen worden behandeld met een oplossing van kaliumcyanide, in aanwezigheid van lucht smelt het goud en verandert het in auro-kaliumcyanide. De scheiding van het goud uit deze oplossing gebeurt met zink en elektrolytisch.
Eigenschappen van goud
Goud is in zijn oorspronkelijke staat roodachtig geel van kleur, glanzend, onveranderlijk en kneedbaar (het meest kneedbare metaal). Om deze laatste reden en om de bewerking mogelijk te maken, wordt het gelegeerd met andere metalen. Geen enkel gewoon zuur beïnvloedt het, behalve koningswater, chloorwater en alkalische cyaniden. Het smeltpunt is 1063° en het kookpunt 2600°.
De grootste goudproducenten zijn Zuid-Afrika, China, de Verenigde Staten en Australië.
Opmerkingen
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