Kust kulda leitakse ja kuidas seda kaevandatakse
Kulda oma olekus leidub kvartskivimites niitide, täppide ja fooliumide kujul, sageli segatuna hõbeda mineraalidega.
Või võib seda leida ka jõesängides, segatuna liivaga, terade ja tükkidena.
Kulla kaevandamine
Kulla ekstraheerimist saab praktiseerida kolme erineva protsessiga: silumine , liitmine ja tsüaniidimine . Siiski ei ole alati vaja kasutada kõiki kolme protsessi.
Silumine toimub pikkade anumate abil, mis võimaldavad kulla eraldamist, lastes aeglasel veejoal voolata. Tegelikult tõmmatakse kullast kergem jääkmaterjal koos veega kaasa, samas kui väikesed kullatükid vajuvad konteineri põhja.
Amalgameerimisel jahvatatakse tooraine pulbriks, mis seejärel ühendatakse elavhõbedaga. Seejärel saadakse väärismetall amalgaami destilleerimise teel.
Tsüaniideerimine on kõige olulisem ekstraheerimisprotsess. Kullamaagid töödeldakse kaaliumtsüaniidi lahusega, õhu juuresolekul kuld sulab ja muutub aurokaaliumtsüaniidiks. Kulla eraldamine sellest lahusest toimub tsingiga ja elektrolüütiliselt.
Kulla omadused
Kuld on oma olekus punakaskollane, läikiv, muutumatu ja tempermalmist (metallidest kõige tempermalmist). Viimasel põhjusel ja selle töötlemise võimaldamiseks legeeritakse see teiste metallidega. Ükski tavaline hape ei mõjuta seda, välja arvatud aqua regia, kloorivesi ja leeliselised tsüaniidid. Selle sulamistemperatuur on 1063° ja keemistemperatuur 2600°.
Suurimad kullatootjad on Lõuna-Aafrika Vabariik, Hiina, USA ja Austraalia.
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